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全球首款双架构CPU！IBM同一核心原生跑Arm和Z：2nm、5.7GHz_我的网站
A | 8月25日消息，IBM在Hot Chips 2026大会上公布了全球首款双指令集架构处理器，在同一核心中原生支持Z和Arm两种架构的软件执行。
这项设计的核心思路不是像Intel的P核和E核那样在芯片上放置两种不同核心，也不是通过模拟层转译，而是将Arm的AArch64指令集直接集成进大型机核心。 (ECNS) -- At the "Sweet Light" modern sugarcane industrial park in Quli Town, Fusui County, in Chongzuo, south China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, sugarcane varieties including Guitang 44, Yunzhe 081609, Guitang 76, Zhongtang 3, and Zhongfu 1 are thriving, with most stalks standing more than three meters tall. The park rotates several varieties and plants them in separate zones to keep yields stable and the fields ecologically resilient. Yang Xue, who has worked in the sugarcane industry for eight years and now runs an agritech company, has watched the shift from farming by experience to farming by data. Virus-free seedlings and the cultivation methods that go with them can extend ratoon cropping from three years to about five, he said, with germination rates reaching 95%. "In Chongzuo, per-hectare sugarcane yield used to be around 60 metric tonnes. With new varieties, improved cultivation methods, and planting models, yields have now risen to 72 metric tonnes," he said. To manage the park's 333 hectares of contiguous fields, Yang's team has installed a smart irrigation system that combines water, fertilizer, and pesticide application. It can be run from a computer or a mobile app, with irrigation timing, flow, and volume set precisely. One worker can now cover more than 67 hectares. The system has since been upgraded to a dual-pipe design, Yang said, allowing water, fertilizer, and pesticides to be applied together and accurately. Annual electricity costs have fallen from 1,200 yuan (about $168) per hectare to 750 yuan (about $105). Four workers can now fertilize 40 hectares in a day, work that previously took 30 workers to cover less than seven hectares. Mechanized harvesting has cut costs as well. Cutting and loading by hand costs more than 16,500 yuan per hectare, based on a yield of 105 metric tons per hectare and a rate of 160 yuan per metric ton. With machine harvesting, farmers receive a state subsidy of about 3,000 yuan per hectare and pay only 750 to 1,200 yuan for the service. The park also returns chopped stalks to the fields, saving another 450 to 600 yuan per hectare in fertilizer. The Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) has been working with the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other institutions on variety improvement, seedling propagation, pest control, green cultivation, and mechanical harvesting. Wu Qibin, a researcher at the Sugarcane Research Center of CATAS's Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, said Guangxi is China's core sugarcane-producing region, with more than 800,000 hectares under cultivation and over 60% of national sugar output. The industry is now pursuing two main goals, he said: breeding high-quality varieties suited to machine harvesting, and developing specialized machinery matched to those varieties. (By Tang Yuxian) 
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实现层面，Arm采用小端序，Z架构采用大端序，两种模式在同一核心内共存。
B | 分支预测单元大量复用了现有Z核心的设计，通过Arm的XML架构描述文件自动生成解码逻辑，寄存器重命名机制为GR16-31范围做了适配，还新增了SVE数据流和FP16、Bfloat16及加密运算的支持。
C | 一个线程可以在s390x和Arm两种模式之间切换，切换耗时仅纳秒级别。 IBM在该处理器上实现了完整的AArch64 v9.3架构，支持SVE和SVE2指令，共2792条Arm指令，比Z自身的指令集还多出一倍。IBM在演讲中还打趣说，RISC“精简”一词已经名不副实了。 芯片规格方面，下一代IBM Z处理器采用2nm工艺制造，配备11个核心，基础频率5.7GHz以上，每个核心拥有36MB私有L2缓存，11个核心的L2组合形成432MB虚拟L3，全部核心的L4缓存合并后总容量达3.5GB。 核心采用SMT2同步多线程设计，针对交易和数据库等企业负载做了低延迟优化，还集成了专用片上DPU负责I/O加速，以及AI、压缩、加密和排序加速器。 这些加速单元以Linux平台设备的形式向Arm生态开放，Arm程序调用加密和压缩功能时延迟与Z原生指令接近。 可靠性方面，Z系统延续了99.999999%的可用性目标，涵盖阵列和数据流的错误检查、瞬态故障透明恢复、永久故障的核心热备和在线修复，以及RAIM内存保护。 IBM表示芯片已进入流片阶段，距离量产还有几年时间。
D | 至于IBM为何要做这颗芯片，其实也很简单，目前全球前100大银行中有77家在使用IBM Z大型机，将Arm生态引入Z平台，意味着这些客户可以在不放弃大型机可靠性的前提下，直接运行Arm服务器软件和AI推理负载。
E | IBM还公布了第二代片上AI推理加速器，配备16个活跃AI核心加1个冗余核心，支持FP4和MXFP4数据类型，峰值算力达上一代的4倍。 加速器集成96GB HBM3e显存，带宽约4TB/s，是当前一代的20倍，通过PCIe Gen6与Z处理器实现低延迟对等互联，支持机密计算，在数据存储、传输和使用三个环节提供保护，包括抗量子密码。
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